Competitive Exams ke liye Aaj ke Current Affairs jaaniye 12 May 2025 ke Pramukh News aur Updates. India Pakistan war updates 2025.
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Today Current Affair
1. Operation Sindoor: India Achieves Objectives, Pakistan Ko Bhugatna Padega Bhari Nuksaan
2. Caste Census: Modi Sarkar Ka Bold aur Transformative Kadam
3. Bharat me Manufacturing Growth: Challenges aur Solutions
4. India me Mahilaon ki Awaaz aur Sangharsh: Ek Naaya Nazariya
Operation Sindoor: India Achieves Objectives, Pakistan Ko Bhugatna Padega Bhari Nuksaan :
Operation Sindoor Update
India ne Operation Sindoor ke mukhya objectives ko achieve kar liya hai, lekin operation abhi bhi "ongoing" hai. Ye baat Director-General of Military Operations (DGMO) Lt.-General Rajiv Ghai ne Sunday ko ek tri-service briefing me kahi. Unhone saaf chetavani di ki agar Pakistan kisi bhi misadventure ki koshish karta hai, to use bhari nuksaan uthana padega.
Pakistani Military ko Bhari Nuksaan
DGMO ke mutabik, Line of Control (LoC) par 4 din tak chale sangharsh ke dauraan, kam se kam 35-40 Pakistani military personnel maare gaye. Is combat me Pakistan ko bhari nuksaan hua hai, jisme:
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Pakistan ke fighter jets ko giraya gaya
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Mahattvapurn military installations ko nuksaan pahunchaya gaya
DGMO ne apne 5 Indian military personnel ko shraddhanjali arpit ki, unhe "fallen heroes" kaha. Unhone un sabhi nagrikon ko bhi yaad kiya jo Operation Sindoor ke dauraan apni jaan gawaa baithe.
India Ki Sakhti aur Sanyam
Ye sab tab hua jab dono deshon ke beech ek "understanding" bani thi ki Saturday, shaam 5 baje se firing aur anya military activities band hongi. Lekin iske bawjood bhi ceasefire violations aur drone intrusions jari rahe.
Lt.-General Ghai ne kaha:
"Humne ab tak bohot sanyam rakha hai aur hamari actions focused, measured aur non-escalatory rahi hain. Lekin agar desh ki sovereignty, territorial integrity aur nagrikon ki suraksha par koi khatra hota hai, to hum kathor jawab denge."
Army Chief Ki Strategy Meeting
Army Chief General Upendra Dwivedi ne Sunday ko western borders par situation review ki aur Army Commanders ke sath meeting ki. Unhone Pakistan military par lage heavy losses par bhi vichar-vimarsh kiya.
Conclusion:
Operation Sindoor me Bharat ne apne objectives ko hasil kiya hai aur Pakistan ko bhari nuksaan uthana pada hai. DGMO Lt.-General Rajiv Ghai ne Pakistan ko chetavani di hai ki agar koi bhi misadventure hui to uska jawab kathor aur nirnayak hoga.
Caste Census: Modi Sarkar Ka Bold aur Transformative Kadam :
Kya Hai Caste Census Aur Kyon Zaroori Hai?
Narendra Modi sarkar ne aane wale Census me caste enumeration (jaati ganana) ko shamil karne ka faisla liya hai. Ye kadam bold, transformative aur sarahniya hai. Caste ko ginna koi identity politics ko promote karna nahi, balki asli zindagi ki haqeeqat ko darshana hai. Ye faisla evidence-based policymaking ki taraf ek bada kadam hai jo Bharat ko aur adhik nyaypriy aur samaveshi banane me madad karega.
Caste Count ki Aavashyakta Kyon?
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Azaadi ke baad Bharat ne caste ko khatam karne ki koshish ki, lekin saath hi social justice ko bhi badhava diya. Ye dono lakshya aapas me takarate hain.
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Census me caste ko na ginana ek tarah se "caste blindness" ko promote karna tha.
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Samvidhan me social justice ke liye reservation ki vyavastha hai jo education, employment aur electoral constituencies me lagoo hoti hai.
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Supreme Court ne bhi maana hai ki caste data ke bina reservation policies ko sahi se lagu karna mushkil hai.
Ambedkar aur Caste Data
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Dr. B.R. Ambedkar ne 1955 me apni essay "Thoughts on Linguistic States" me 1951 Census se caste tables ko nikalne ko "petty intelligence" kaha tha.
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Data me dikhai dena (Visibility) hi sahi samavesh ki pehli seedhi hai.
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Caste data ke bina bohot si marginalised communities sarkaari data me "invisible" ban jati hain, jabki ucc jaatiyon aur kuch OBCs ka daanv-pench bana rehta hai.
Legal aur Administrative Zaroorat
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1951 se lekar aaj tak Census me sirf SC (Scheduled Castes) aur ST (Scheduled Tribes) ko ginaya gaya hai, lekin OBCs ko nahi.
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Lekin, 73rd aur 74th Amendments ke baad OBC reservation ko panchayats aur municipalities me bhi shamil kiya gaya.
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EWS (Economically Weaker Sections) ka bhi reservation (2019) me aane ke baad, sabhi castes ki ginati karna ab ek legal aavashyakta ban chuki hai.
2011 Caste Census Ka Fiasco
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2011 me Socio-Economic and Caste Census (SECC) karaya gaya tha, lekin wo "46 lakh jaatiyon" ka absurd number de gaya.
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Ye gadbad isliye hui kyunki:
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Legal Authority ki kami thi.
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Census ko Rural aur Urban Development Ministries ne kiya, jinke paas sociological expertise nahi thi.
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Open-ended questions ne confusion badha di.
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Bihar ka caste survey behtar tha kyunki waha 214 castes ki vetted list di gayi thi aur ek option "Other Castes" ka bhi tha.
Successful Caste Census Ka Blueprint
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Legal Backing: Census Act, 1948 ko amend karke caste enumeration ko officially mandate karo.
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Sahi Authority: Sirf Registrar General aur Census Commissioner of India ko zimmedaari do, na ki Ministries ko.
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Standardized Questionnaire: Closed-option questions rakhein, jisme caste, sub-caste, surname jaise options ho.
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State-Specific Caste Lists: Har rajya ke liye alag list banayein aur public feedback lein.
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Enumerator Training: Proper training aur mock examples ke saath enumerators ko taiyar karein.
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Digital Tools: Handheld devices par pre-loaded caste lists rakhein.
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Representative Staffing: Diverse communities ke enumerators ko deploy karein.
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Independent Oversight: District-level audit committees banayein.
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Pilot Testing: Alag-alag states me pehle trial run karein, jaise Tamil Nadu, Gujarat, UP, Assam.
Conclusion:
1951 se ab tak har Census me SC aur ST ke lagbhag 2,000 castes ginaye gaye hain. Baaki 4,000+ OBCs aur ucc jaatiyon ko ginana bhi sambhav hai aur ab to zaroori bhi hai. Ye data gap bharne ka sahi samay hai.
Caste Census se policy-making ko sudharne me madad milegi aur reservation vyavastha ko adharbhut data milega.
Bharat me Manufacturing Growth: Challenges aur Solutions :
Global Manufacturing Ki Nayi Disha
Aajkal duniya bhar me manufacturing aur trade innovation-driven, medium-high aur high-tech products ki taraf badh raha hai. Ye development advanced R&D, technological sophistication aur high skills par adharit hai.
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Supply Chains: Complex network of supply chains bhi is parivartan ko aage badha rahi hai.
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US Tariffs: America ke high tariffs se manufacturing sector par bhi asar pada hai.
Bharat ke liye yaha chunauti hai ki wo apni manufacturing efficiency ko badhaye aur global competitiveness me apna daav jitaaye.
Manufacturing me Bharat ki Halat
Bharat me 1991 ke economic reforms ke baad se manufacturing par focus kiya gaya hai, jaise:
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National Manufacturing Competitiveness Programme (NMCP) - 2005
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Make in India - 2014
In initiatives ne electronics, pharmaceuticals aur automobile sectors ko kuch had tak badhava diya hai.
Data ki Nazar se
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Bharat ka per capita value added manufacturing me 2023 me $0.32K hai, jabki world average $2K hai.
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Productivity: Bharat me $8.9K, jabki world me $32K.
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Total Manufacturing Value Added:
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Bharat: $461 billion
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China: $4,658 billion
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USA: $2,497 billion
Ye data dikhata hai ki Bharat ko productivity aur value addition par zyada focus karne ki zarurat hai.
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Technical Education ka Naya Model
Manufacturing growth ke liye technical education me bhi sudhar ki zarurat hai.
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Entrance Exam: Entrance exams me sirf tough questions ke bajaye fundamental knowledge, creativity aur problem-solving skills par zyada focus hona chahiye.
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Practical Skills: Engineering students ko 50% weightage practical work par milna chahiye.
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Laboratory aur Workshops: Advanced labs aur workshops hone chahiye, jisme tool rooms aur R&D assembly lines ho.
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Application Oriented Learning: Engineering education me real-world problem solving par zyada zor dena chahiye.
Core Engineering Skills ka Mahatva
High-tech sectors jaise Semiconductor, IT aur AI zaroori hain, lekin core engineering bhi utni hi aavashyak hai.
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Core Streams: Civil, Mechanical, Automobile, Electrical, Electronics, Chemical, etc.
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Engineering Units: Pehle equipment aur machinery banane par zor dena chahiye, uske baad technical aur management capabilities ko develop karna chahiye.
Innovation Ecosystem ka Nirman
Bharat ko Silicon Valley jaise innovation ecosystems se seekhne ki zarurat hai.
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Manufacturing Parks: State-wise high-tech manufacturing parks banaye jaane chahiye.
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R&D Facilities: Parks me design software, performance testing aur certification ki suvidha milni chahiye.
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Startups: Engineering infrastructure ke aaspaas manufacturing startups ko badhava dena chahiye.
Capital Investment:
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R&D Expenditure: GDP ka 0.65% se badhakar 2% tak karna hoga.
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Industrial Infrastructure: 1% of GDP ka nivesh industrial development me lagana hoga.
Nishkarsh (Conclusion)
Bharat ko global manufacturing me apni jagah banane ke liye advanced research labs, industrial infrastructure aur innovation-friendly policies ko badhava dena hoga. Ye long-term vision aur purnayojit niti (comprehensive policy) se hi sambhav hai.
India me Mahilaon ki Awaaz aur Sangharsh: Ek Naaya Nazariya :
Mahilaon ki Bhoomika: Sangharsh me Pramukh, Niti Nirnay me Gaayab
Bharat aur South Asia me mahilaon ne hamesha se hi climate degradation, mining, aur anya apratyashit vikas ke khilaf awaaz uthai hai.
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Sijimali (Odisha): Yaha ki mahilaen jungle aur jivan ko bachane ke liye mining projects ke khilaf pradarshan kar rahi hain.
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Jharkhand: Adivasi mahilaen ancestral zameen ko bachane ke liye coal mining projects ko rok rahi hain.
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Tamil Nadu: Fishing community ki mahilaen Kudankulam Nuclear Power Plant ke khilaf pramukh roop se pradarshan kar rahi hain.
Yaha tak ki Bangladesh ke Phulbari aur Narmada Bachao Andolan jaise bade andolano me bhi mahilaon ne hi mukhya bhumika nibhayi hai.
Lekin dikkat yeh hai ki aise aandolano me pramukh hone ke bawajood, decision-making me mahilaon ko prayaah nazarandaz kar diya jata hai.
Niti Nirnay me Mahilaon ki Upasthiti: Ab bhi Bahut Peeche
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FPIC (Free, Prior, and Informed Consent): Aise processes me bhi mahilaon ko bahut kam jagah milti hai.
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Gender Inequality: Kai baar mahilaon ke socio-environmental knowledge ko emotional kehkar tal diya jata hai.
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Legal Dhancha:
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Forest Rights Act (2006) aur PESA Act (1996) mahilaon ke adhikaron ko manyata dete hain, par ground level par inka amal kamzor hai.
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Hindu Succession Act (2005) ne barabar ki virasat ki baat ki, par tribal areas me rivaaj aur pratha kanoon par bhari padti hai.
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Nepal: Joint Land Ownership Policy ke tahat pati-patni dono ko zameen par hak hai, lekin Bharat me aisa nahi hai.
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Gram Sabha: Zyada tar male-dominated hoti hai, jisme mahilaon ki bhumika maatra dekhnay tak seemit rehti hai.
Climate Change aur Gender Inequality
Bharat me jal sangharsh aur environmental pollution se sabse zyada prabhavit mahilaen hi hoti hain:
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Pani ke liye lambi doori tak chalna
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Bimaar parivaarik sadasyon ki dekhbhaal
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Lambi duty hours aur kam paisa
Climate policy me mahilaon ke traditional ecological knowledge ko nazarandaz karna bhi badi samasya hai.
Mahilaon ki Netrutva Samasya
Andolano me mahilaon ki netritva bhumika ko bhi maanyata nahi milti.
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Jansangharsh: Aksar mahilaen protest, bhojan vyavastha aur sangathan me sakriya rehti hain, par niti nirnay ke kachhariyo me unka koi sthaan nahi hota.
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NGO aur Niti Nirmata: Inhe mahilaon ke netritva ko sirf sadak par hi nahi, balki niti nirnay ki mej par bhi samarthan dena chahiye.
Badlav ki Zarurat: Gender Justice aur Climate Justice
Agar hum gender aur climate justice ko vastavikta me lana chahte hain to kuch kadam uthana anivarya hai:
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Inclusive Consultation: Gram Sabha aur meetings me mahilaon ki upasthiti ko sunishchit kiya jaye.
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Legal Aid aur Safety Measures: Meetings sahayak samay par aur surakshit jagah par rakhi jayein.
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Independent Land Ownership: Mahilaon ko zameen ke adhikaron par barabar ki manyata mile.
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Skill Development: Mahilaon ko leadership aur decision-making skills me prashikshan diya jaye.
Nishkarsh (Conclusion)
Mahilaen virodh ki aawaaz ban kar sangharsh ki aaghi panti me hain, par unka netritva ab bhi niti nirnay me utna hi door hai.
Agar vikas ko loktantrik aur climate niti ko nyaayopurn banana hai, to mahilaon ko sirf suna hi nahi, balki unka netritva sweekar karna hoga.
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