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TODAY IMP. CURRENT AFFAIRS
1. Operation Sindoor: Nayi Warfare Strategy aur India-Pakistan Standoff
2. Procedural Law aur Criminalisation: Bharat ke Criminal Justice System ka Naya Pehlu
3. Balochistan: Pakistan ka Sabse Bada Magar Peechda Pradesh
4. UP ke Jewar me 6th Semiconductor Unit ko Manzoori
Operation Sindoor: Nayi Warfare Strategy aur India-Pakistan Standoff
Introduction
India aur Pakistan ke beech recent standoff ne modern warfare ke concept ko nayi disha di hai. Operation Sindoor ke through, Bharat ne traditional military engagement se aage badh kar technologically advanced aur strategic approach apnaayi hai. Yeh sirf dono deshon ke beech ka vivaad nahi, balki global warfare ki nayi paribhasha bhi hai.
Drone Warfare: Yudh Ka Naya Ayam
Operation Sindoor me drone warfare ka upyog ek nayi pehchaan ban gaya hai. Pehle jahaan manned fighter jets par bharosa tha, ab UAVs (Unmanned Aerial Vehicles) ka prabhav dekha gaya. Prime Minister Narendra Modi ne apni speech me is par zor diya. Yeh technique traditional air combat se alag hai, kyunki drones saste aur expendable hai, jo reconnaissance aur precision strikes ke liye upyogi hai.
Is operation me 300-400 Songar drones (Turkish-made) ki entry ne aerial warfare ko ek nayi pehchaan di hai. India ne SkyStriker Kamekazi drones ka upyog karke Pakistan ke air defence ko test kiya aur minimum human risk ke saath intelligence ikattha kiya.
Air Defence: Ek Nayi Soch
Aaj ke samay me air defence ek fixed model se dynamic network me badal gaya hai. Bharat ke multi-layered air defence system me Akash aur QRSAM jese indigenous systems ke saath S-400 aur Barak-8 jaise imported systems bhi hai. Akashteer system ne radar data ko real-time me integrate karke smart defence capabilities dikhayi.
Yeh naye tarike ke defence network ek layered strategy ko darshate hain, jisme multiple threats ko ek sath neutralize karna sambhav hai.
Information Warfare: Digital Yudh Ka Naya Roop
Information warfare ab propaganda se badhkar strategic weapon ban chuka hai. Pakistan ne disinformation ke madhyam se psychological warfare ko nayi disha di, jisme doctored videos aur social media content ke through Bharat ki morale ko kamzor karne ki koshish ki gayi.
Israel-Palestine aur Russia-Ukraine yudh ke saman, India-Pakistan ka yeh samvad bhi narrative control aur perception management par adharit hai. Bharat ne digital platforms par strategic narratives ko safalta se maintain karke apni military strength ko barqaraar rakha.
Technological Independence: Atmanirbharta Ka Sankalp
Operation Sindoor ke dauraan Bharat ne Akash missile system aur Project Kusha jaise indigenous platforms dikhaye. Yeh sirf military prowess ka pradarshan nahi, balki defence me videshi nirbharata ko kam karne ka ek prayas hai.
Bharat ka focus sirf yudh taknik par nahi, balki defence products ko export karke arthik laabh kamane par bhi hai. Yeh global defence market me Bharat ki takniki credibility ko majboot banata hai.
Strategic Deterrence: Nayi Rananeeti
Is standoff me Bharat ne traditional binary warfare (total war ya total peace) ko chhod kar ek sophisticated escalation management dikhaya. Isme military intent ko darshate hue diplomacy ke liye space chhodi gayi.
PM Modi ki 12 May ki speech ne yeh darshaya ki Bharat ab proactive aur precision-oriented strategic approach apna raha hai. Yeh nayi doctrine apne tezi se jawab dene, layered defence aur smart escalation control par zor deti hai.
Joint Operations: Senaon Ki Ekjut Takat
Operation Sindoor me Bharat ki teenon senaon (Thal Sena, Vayu Sena, Nau Sena) ne IACCS (Integrated Air Command and Control System) ke madhyam se real-time integration dikhaya. Internal aur external intelligence agencies ne bhi yeh sunischit kiya ki har tactical decision sahi aur samay par ho.
Yudh takneek ki democratization se Pakistan bhi asymmetric warfare capabilities ko sudrid karne me safal ho raha hai. Aise me, Bharat ko apni military strategy aur intelligence gathering ko har tarike se modernize karna hoga.
Nayi Warfare Ki Seekh
Operation Sindoor ne dikhaya ki aaj ke samay yudh sirf territorial vijay tak seemit nahi, balki technological aur psychological strategies ko mila kar jeeta ja sakta hai. Bharat ki military doctrine ab smart aur adaptive strategy ki taraf agrasar hai, jo digital warfare aur drone technology par kendrit hai.
Yeh nayi warfare philosophy Bharat ki military power ko sirf South Asia tak nahi, balki global yudh paradigm tak badhate hai.
Procedural Law aur Criminalisation: Bharat ke Criminal Justice System ka Naya Pehlu
Introduction
Criminal law me procedural law ko aksar substantive law ki tulna me kam mahattva diya jata hai. Substantive law crime aur punishment ke bare me baat karta hai, jabki procedural law yeh batata hai ki yeh process kaise hona chahiye. Lekin asal me procedural law kisi bhi criminal action ka mool hai.
Haal hi me Supreme Court ke Imran Pratapgarhi vs State of Gujarat decision ne yeh spasht kiya ki criminalisation ka siddhant police ke Bharatiya Nagarik Suraksha Sanhita (BNSS) ke anusaar action lene par adharit hai.
Criminalisation: Rajya ki Shakti aur Dayitva
Criminalisation ek prakar se rajya ki shakti aur dayitva ko darshata hai. Yeh rajya ko kisi galat ya haanikarak kaam ko ‘crime’ ghoshit karne aur saja dene ka adhikar pradan karta hai. Saath hi yeh galat kaam karne walo ko jawabdeh banane aur unhe uchit dand dene ki zimmedari bhi rakhta hai.
Kanoon ke darshanik Victor Tadros ke anusaar, criminalisation rajya ki us badi duty/power ka hissa hai jo galat vyavhaar ko dandeniy banane, doshi ko saza dene aur public roop se ninda karne me samarth hai.
Tatjana Hörnle ne criminalisation ke liye teen mukhya siddhant diye hain:
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Samuhik Hit se Asangat Vyavhaar: Aise vyavhaar ko apradh ghoshit karna jo samuhik hit ke virodh me ho.
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Himsa Poorvak Hamla: Aise vyavhaar ko apradh maana jo kisi vyakti par hamla kare.
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Adhikaron ka Ullanghan: Kisi vyakti ke adhikaron me hastakshep karne wale vyavhaar ko apradh maanna.
Yeh siddhant Bharatiya Nyaya Sanhita (BNS) ke antargat criminalisation ki neeti ke mool me hain.
Procedural Law ki Aavashyakta
Substantive criminal law ko safalta se lagu karne ke liye procedural law par bhi utna hi zor dena zaroori hai. Criminal justice agencies ka role yaha par pramukh ho jata hai, jo ki police, court aur anya agencies dwara nibhaya jata hai.
Police ka role yaha sabse pramukh hai kyunki wahi crime ko detect, register aur investigate karti hai. Lekin aksar police apni discretionary power ka galat upyog bhi karti hai. Yeh galat upyog minor crimes par zyada zor dene aur major crimes ko nazarandaz karne ki samasya ko janm deta hai.
BNSS aur Police ki Zimmedari
BNSS me Section 173(3) ek ahem role nibhata hai. Yeh police ko discretion pradan karta hai ki agar koi cognizable offence (3 se 7 saal tak ki saja wala) ho to police turant FIR darj karne ki jagah 14 din tak preliminary inquiry kar sakti hai.
Imran Pratapgarhi Case
Is case me Supreme Court ne yeh spasht kiya ki preliminary inquiry karna police ki zimmedari hai, visheshkar jab mamla speech aur expression ki swatantrata se juda ho. Court ne Rajya Sabha sadasya Imran Pratapgarhi par social media par ek kavita post karne ke aadhar par darj FIR ko kharij kar diya.
Court ne kaha ki police ne bina prarambhik jaanch kiye hi investigation shuru karke apni simaon ka ullanghan kiya. Is case ne yeh darshaya ki procedural law ka paalan kitna avashyak hai.
Principled Criminalisation: Kanoon aur Police ka Samanvay
Principled criminalisation tabhi sarthak hai jab police apni zimmedari ko sahi se nibhaye aur law enforcement agencies par accountability ka dabav ho. Yeh zaroori hai ki substantive aur procedural law dono me samanvay ho, taki police ki discretionary power ko sudharit kiya ja sake.
Criminal justice system me police ko ek pivot ke roop me samjhne ki avashyakta hai, jo ki criminalisation ki prakriya ko sahi disha me le jane me madad kare.
conlusion
Criminalisation sirf kanooni sankalp nahi hai, balki ek systematic prakriya hai jisme procedural law ki bhumika ati mahatvapurn hai. Yeh zaroori hai ki police aur anya agencies sahi se apni duty nibhaye aur kisi bhi prakriya me swachh aur nyayik siddhanton ka paalan ho.
Balochistan: Pakistan ka Sabse Bada Magar Peechda Pradesh
Balochistan, Pakistan ka sabse bada aur sansadhan-sampann pradesh hai, lekin yeh desh ka sabse kam vikasit ilaaka bhi hai. Yahan algaavwadi bhavnaayein aur ashaanti lagbhag hamesha bani rahi hain. Pichle kai dashakon se Baloch raashtravaadi sangathan swatantrata ya kam se kam adhik swaraj ki maang karte rahe hain.
Lekin Balochistan swatantrata kyu chahta hai? Iska jawab itihaas, shoshan, senaikaran aur pehchaan ki dabav ko mila kar banta hai.
Sangharsh ke Itihaasik Mool
1947 me Pakistan ke gathan ke samay, Kalat naamak rajwada (jo aaj ke Balochistan ka mukhya hissa hai) swatantra tha. Kalat ke raja, Khan of Kalat, ne Pakistan me shamil hone se mana kar diya tha. Lekin 1948 me sena ke dabav me Kalat ko Pakistan me milaya gaya.
Baloch raashtravaadiyon ke nazar me yeh ghatna zabardasti ke vilin aur dabav ka pratik hai. Tab se lekar ab tak kai baar vidroh hue — 1948, 1958, 1962, 1973 aur 2004 se lagaatar chal raha vidroh inhi maango par kendrit hai: apna raaj aur apne prakritik sansadhanon par adhikaar.
Aarthik Shoshan
Balochistan prakritik sansadhanon me samruddh hai - natural gas, koyla, tamba, sona aur anya khanij yahan prachur matra me milte hain. Phir bhi yeh Pakistan ka sabse garib pradesh hai.
Udaharan:
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1952 me khoja gaya Sui gas field, jo Pakistan ko urja uplabdh karata hai, lekin khud Balochistan ke kai ilaakon me gas aur bijli ki suvidha nahi hai.
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China-Pakistan Economic Corridor (CPEC) aur Gwadar Port jese vikas pariyojnaon me bade nivesh hue, lekin sthaniya janta ko na to naukri mili aur na hi uchit muawza.
Yeh sab yeh darshata hai ki Balochistan ke sansadhan anya pradesho ke hit me upayog ho rahe hain, khaaskar Punjab ke.
Rajnaitik Udaseenta aur Marginalization
Federal sarkar me Baloch netaayein aksar apna pratinidhitva mahsoos nahi karte. Islamabad par chunaavon ko manipulate karne aur puppet sarkar thapthapane ke aarope lagte rahe hain. Balochistan ki vidhansabha ko bar-bar barkhast karna aur sena hastakshep ne kendra aur pradesh ke beech ke vishwas ko kamzor kiya hai.
Senaikaran aur Manavadhikar Ullanghan
Balochistan ke muddon ko suljhaane ke bajay Pakistani sarkar ne senaik dabav ka rasta apnaya hai. Hazaron log - chhatra, patrakar aur karyakarta - vidhik bina giraftari, atyachar ya hatya ka shikaar hue hain.
Human Rights Abuses:
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Human Rights Watch aur Amnesty International jese sangathanon ne "kill and dump" niti par chinta vyakt ki hai.
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"Missing persons" ka mudda Balochistan ke dukh bhare jeevan ka hissa ban gaya hai.
Sanskritik aur Jaatiya Pehchaan
Baloch logon ki apni alag bhasha, sanskriti aur itihaas hai. Lekin rajya ki nitiyaayein unke alag pehchaan ko dabane ka prayaas karti rahi hain.
Punjab aur Urdu-bhashi eliton dwara deshbhakti ke ek-roopi maapdand ko thopna, Baloch bhasha aur sanskriti ko nashth karne ki koshish karta hai. Yeh sthiti khaaskar yuva varg me asantosh ko badhawa deti hai.
Baloch Swatantrata Aandolan Aaj
Aaj bhi Baloch swatantrata aandolan vibhaajit magar satat bana hua hai. Baloch Liberation Army (BLA) aur Baloch Republican Army (BRA) jaise sangathan Pakistani sena aur aadhikaran par chhote-chhote hamle karte rehte hain.
Vishwa Manch Par Baloch Mudda:
Jabki Pakistan Bharat par aarope lagata hai ki yeh aandolan ko videshi samarthan milta hai, pravas me Baloch neta, jaise Mehran Marri aur Brahamdagh Bugti, is mudde ko antarraashtreey manch par uthate hain.
conclusion:
Balochistan ki swatantrata ki maang itihaasik anyaay, arthik shoshan aur sanskritik dabav se utpann hai. Jab tak sahi rajnaitik samadhan nahi milta, tab tak yeh aandolan astitva me bana rahega.
Is sandarbh me Baloch janta apni alag pehchaan aur adhikar ke liye satat sangharsh kar rahi hai. Balochistan ka mudda sirf Pakistan ke liye nahi, balki vishwa manch ke liye bhi ek chunauti bana rahega.
UP ke Jewar me 6th Semiconductor Unit ko Manzoori
Aatmanirbharta ki Ore Ek Kadam
India ne ek aur bada kadam uthaya hai apni takniki aatmanirbharta ki ore. Kendriya Mantrimandal ne Uttar Pradesh ke Jewar Airport ke paas 6th semiconductor unit ki sthapna ko manzoori de di hai. Ye project Bharat ki semiconductor manufacturing capacity ko mazboot banane aur takniki kshetra me swadeshi utpadan ko badhava dene ke liye ek mehatvapurn kadam mana ja raha hai.
Semiconductor Manufacturing ki Zarurat
Semiconductor ek aisi taknik hai jo smartphones, computers, automobiles aur defense equipment me upyog ki jaati hai. Bharat ab tak semiconductor ke liye videshi nirmaataon par nirbhar raha hai. Lekin global semiconductor shortage ke dauraan Bharat ne aatmanirbharta ki maang ko pehchana aur is kshetra me apne paon jamane ki tayyari kar li hai.
Jewar me Project ki Khasiyat
Jewar Airport ke nazdeek banne wali ye semiconductor unit lagbhag 3000 crore ki lagat se tayar hogi. Is unit ke sath, kai hazar logon ko rojgaar milega aur Pradesh ki arthvyavastha ko nayi raftar milegi. Ye unit naye technology hubs aur industrial parks ke vikash ko bhi prerit karegi.
Bharat ki Takniki Aatmanirbharta ki Aur Ek Kadam
Pichle kuch varsho me Bharat ne semiconductor ke utpadan par vishesh zor diya hai. Iske pichhe mukhya karan hai desh ki aatmanirbharta aur rashtriya suraksha. Semiconductor units desh ki digital economy ko mazboot banayengi aur videshi companies par nirbharta ko kam karengi.
Yuvaon aur Vyavasayi Varg ke Liye Avasar
Semiconductor unit ki sthapna se desh ke yuvaon ko naye rozgaar ke avsar milenge. Takniki chhetra me research aur development ko bhi badhava milega. Yeh yojna desh ke takniki aur aarthik vikash ke liye ek milestone sabit ho sakti hai.
Nishkarsh
Jewar me semiconductor unit ki sthapna Bharat ke "Make in India" aur "Digital India" sapne ko ek nayi uran degi. Is prakriya me swadeshi utpadan aur takniki aatmanirbharta ko mazboot karna hi mukhya lakshya hai.